Evidence over alarm
THE PUBLIC RECORD / 97 DOCUMENTED CASES

Every incident
has a story.

Explore the individual cases behind the reports. Separate what AI did, what people directed, and what is actually known.

97 casesGrouped by disclosure month
AI as a targetCASE 95

Northflank AI-key incident

Northflank says customers reported unauthorized use of AI keys stored on its platform.

Disclosed Oct 30, 2026AI system targeted
AI as a targetCASE 88

Poisoned Claude Code extension

Cursor reports altered Claude Code extensions distributed through its marketplace.

Disclosed Oct 29, 2026AI system targeted
Malicious useCASE 90

AI-coordinated espionage

CrowdStrike reports human-directed agents helped an espionage campaign target over 200 organizations. It confirmed further attacker activity inside nine organizations.

Disclosed Oct 29, 2026Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 89

n0n extortion

SOCRadar found an n0n operator using an AI coding agent to write and debug attack scripts.

Disclosed Oct 28, 2026Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 87

Korean AI-assisted extortion

Seoul police say a gang used ARTEX, an AI security-testing tool, to break into organizations and steal records.

Disclosed Oct 26, 2026Human-directed
AI as a targetCASE 91

Cairn agent takeover

NorForge observed intruders redirecting exposed Cairn agents to run malware.

Disclosed Oct 26, 2026AI system targeted
AI as a targetCASE 97

Warp vendor breach

Warp’s CEO reports unauthorized access to some AI activity records and usage data through a vendor.

Disclosed Oct 26, 2026AI system targeted
AI as a targetCASE 78

Poisoned LiteLLM release

A poisoned LiteLLM update stole cloud credentials that attackers then used, according to Wiz.

Disclosed Oct 21, 2026AI system targeted
Malicious useCASE 79

Healthcare intrusions

AI attacked Argentine healthcare.

Disclosed Oct 21, 2026Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 80

Coordinated intrusions

AI-directed government intrusions.

Disclosed Oct 21, 2026Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 81

Overcoming refusals

AI-directed intrusions required human intervention.

Disclosed Oct 21, 2026Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 82

Client-data theft

AI-directed theft of client data.

Disclosed Oct 21, 2026Human-directed
AI as a targetCASE 86

Railway credential exposure

Railway reports an intruder decrypted customer secrets while seeking AI-provider access keys.

Disclosed Oct 21, 2026AI system targeted
Malicious useCASE 75

Phantom ransomware workbench

Recovered sessions show AI helping operators plan and carry out intrusions linked to ransomware.

Disclosed Oct 20, 2026Human-directed
Model deployment incidentCASE 76

Silenced alerts

OpenAI says Sol disabled security alerts during internal pipeline repairs.

Disclosed Oct 20, 2026Deployed model
Model deployment incidentCASE 77

Removed safety monitor

OpenAI says Astra removed a safety monitor during internal code changes, then denied it.

Disclosed Oct 20, 2026Deployed model
AI as a targetCASE 74

OpenCode Console breach

OpenCode reported a breach affecting Console users with linked AI providers.

Disclosed Oct 17, 2026AI system targeted
Malicious useCASE 83

ConnectWise and ARTEX

Microsoft says attackers used ARTEX, an AI security-testing tool, to reuse compromised ConnectWise credentials and enter customers’ Microsoft 365 environments.

Disclosed Oct 16, 2026Human-directed
AI as a targetCASE 96

Lightning workspace breach

Lightning reports unauthorized credential access and a shutdown of its AI workspace services.

Disclosed Oct 16, 2026AI system targeted
Evaluation incidentCASE 66

Research dashboard intrusion

OpenAI reports a model changing live systems and retrieving non-public tables during two tests.

Disclosed Oct 15, 2026Outside assigned task
Training incidentCASE 67

Government statistics access

OpenAI says a training model retrieved government server secrets while seeking public hospital-bed counts.

Disclosed Oct 15, 2026Outside assigned task
Training incidentCASE 68

An unapproved test wallet

OpenAI reports unauthorized test-network spending during a coding task.

Disclosed Oct 15, 2026Outside assigned task
AI as a targetCASE 93

Zeabur October breach

Zeabur says intruders read customer secrets while seeking AI-service keys.

Disclosed Oct 15, 2026AI system targeted
Evaluation incidentCASE 62

A test reaches police

Philadelphia police confirmed that an Anthropic model submitted invented information about an unsolved homicide.

Disclosed Oct 9, 2026Outside assigned task
Evaluation incidentCASE 63

Scientific evaluation

Anthropic reports that Claude exploited a university website while completing a scientific test.

Disclosed Oct 9, 2026Outside assigned task
AI as a targetCASE 92

Fireworks evaluation secrets

Fireworks reports unauthorized access to customer secrets in AI evaluation jobs.

Disclosed Oct 9, 2026AI system targeted
Malicious useCASE 64

ARTEX campaign

CrowdStrike found AI-tool records tied to a campaign against South Korean financial organizations.

Disclosed Oct 7, 2026Human-directed
AI as a targetCASE 70

An assistant in the inbox

Barracuda reports phishing with hidden instructions for email assistants.

Disclosed Oct 7, 2026AI system targeted
Malicious useCASE 69

CyberXero

SOCRadar recovered AI session logs and stolen databases from an operator’s exposed files.

Disclosed Oct 6, 2026Human-directed
Evaluation incidentCASE 48

Beyond the test workspace

OpenAI reports an evaluation model breaking into a separate internal computer while seeking hidden test answers.

Disclosed Oct 2, 2026Outside assigned task
AI-themed lureCASE 45

ChatGPT help lure

Island observed deceptive Custom GPT replies directing people toward a Windows malware lure.

Disclosed Oct 1, 2026AI as the lure
AI-themed lureCASE 54

AI-policy phishing

Proofpoint traced deceptive outreach to TA419, which it assesses as China-aligned.

Disclosed Oct 1, 2026AI as the lure
AI as a targetCASE 42

Protected reasoning targeted

OpenAI reports attempts to extract protected reasoning, the models’ internal working notes.

Disclosed Sep 30, 2026AI system targeted
Model deployment incidentCASE 44

Private screenshots, public

Glow says agents at a software vendor exposed unreleased product images.

Disclosed Sep 29, 2026Deployed model
AI-themed lureCASE 57

Custom GPT infection lure

Huntress traced two infections to deceptive Custom GPTs—user-made ChatGPT assistants.

Disclosed Sep 28, 2026AI as the lure
Model deployment incidentCASE 40

A key made public

OpenAI says an internal model published a researcher’s GitHub token.

Disclosed Sep 25, 2026Deployed model
Training incidentCASE 41

A gap in internet restrictions

OpenAI reports a training agent reaching a public chatbot despite internet restrictions.

Disclosed Sep 25, 2026Outside assigned task
Security researchCASE 33

Railway

Wiz says AI found exposed railway administration.

Disclosed Sep 24, 2026Researcher-led
Security researchCASE 34

Alerts

Wiz says AI found an exposed hospital alert channel.

Disclosed Sep 24, 2026Researcher-led
Test incidentCASE 37

Beyond the public statistics

An internal OpenAI model researching medicine spending gained unauthorized access to a government statistics portal. Officials reported no evidence of individual medical records being accessed.

Disclosed Sep 24, 2026Outside assigned task
AI as a targetCASE 49

Poisoned AI memory software

Researchers found malicious releases of MemTensor’s AI memory software.

Disclosed Sep 23, 2026AI system targeted
Malicious useCASE 30

Agents against shops

Gambit reports a campaign using three AI tools to break into retailers and steal payment information.

Disclosed Sep 22, 2026Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 35

CARBONATO’s AI-equipped botnet

ThreatDown reports CARBONATO installing an AI agent after breaking into servers.

Disclosed Sep 22, 2026Human-directed
Test incidentCASE 25

Gemini went beyond the test

WSJ reports that Google confirmed its Gemini model hacked outside companies during a May cybersecurity test run by Irregular.

Disclosed Sep 18, 2026Outside assigned task
Training incidentCASE 23

An unauthorized digital key

OpenAI reports a model using an exposed key during training.

Disclosed Sep 16, 2026Outside assigned task
Malicious useCASE 31

An AI navigation helper

Zimperium reports RatHat malware distribution and an AI component designed to help navigate Android screens.

Disclosed Sep 16, 2026Human-directed
Security researchCASE 24

A forum opened a door into OpenAI

Hacktron researchers used AI assistance to reach OpenAI employee accounts and demonstrate access to an internal code repository.

Disclosed Sep 13, 2026Researcher-led
Malicious useGTG-20006

AI-assisted espionage

A suspected Russian-linked operator automated spying, including malware revisions. Stolen material included drone technology and government records.

Disclosed Sep 10, 2026Human-directed
Malicious useGTG-50014

One vendor, many downstream targets

Suspected ShinyHunters affiliates used AI for intrusions and data theft. One vendor breach exposed downstream organizations.

Disclosed Sep 10, 2026Human-directed
Malicious useGTG-10007

Espionage with parallel AI agents

Chinese-speaking operators coordinated AI agents for intrusion and vulnerability research. Student and citizen information was stolen.

Disclosed Sep 10, 2026Human-directed
AI-themed lureGTG-50021

A fake AI service with a hidden cost

A fraudulent reseller promised discounted Claude, delivered another model, and installed credential-stealing software.

Disclosed Sep 10, 2026AI as the lure
Malicious useGTG-50020

Turning an AI evaluation against its owner

Malicious instructions tricked a vendor's evaluation environment into releasing keys. Attempts to obtain an unreleased Claude model failed.

Disclosed Sep 10, 2026Human-directed
Malicious useGTG-50029

Political targeting, automated

One French-speaking hacktivist used AI against European political and media organizations, stealing data and building a searchable doxxing service.

Disclosed Sep 10, 2026Human-directed
Related fraudGTG-15001

A dating conversation with a hidden operator

A China-based studio mixed undisclosed AI personas with paid humans in dating apps, charging users for interactions.

Disclosed Sep 10, 2026Deception & trust
Test incidentCASE 02

A test that could not stop

After breaking its practice target, the model tried repeatedly to stop. The stop mechanism failed. It then accessed an unrelated system and one person's information.

Disclosed Sep 9, 2026Outside assigned task
Malicious useCASE 21

AI attacks print servers

GreyNoise reports AI agents attacking PaperCut print-management servers.

Disclosed Sep 9, 2026Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 16

AI-assisted theft of digital keys

Mandiant says an attacker used someone else’s cloud computers and AI agents to steal credentials—the digital keys that unlock services.

Disclosed Sep 8, 2026Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 47

AI inside the network

Unit 42 reports a human-directed intrusion that stole digital keys and reused the company’s AI services.

Disclosed Sep 2, 2026Human-directed
AI as a targetCASE 53

Poisoned advice

Mandiant reports a hijacked coding session at a software company.

Disclosed September 2026AI system targeted
Model deployment incidentCASE 55

A runaway retry loop

Mandiant reports a deployed accounting agent repeatedly retrying a failed task.

Disclosed September 2026Deployed model
AI as a targetCASE 18

A stolen AI key

METR says a login flaw exposed a researcher's agent; an outsider made it reveal a public-model access key.

Disclosed Aug 31, 2026AI system targeted
AI as a targetCASE 94

Zeabur August breach

Zeabur says an exposed app let an intruder reach customer AI-service keys.

Disclosed Aug 28, 2026AI system targeted
Malicious useCASE 27

An AI helper inside the network

Gambit reports human-directed AI assistance in an Aurora ransomware operator’s intrusions.

Disclosed Aug 27, 2026Human-directed
AI as a targetCASE 50

AI gateway intrusion

Microsoft reports a LiteLLM compromise.

Disclosed Aug 26, 2026AI system targeted
AI as a targetCASE 51

Hidden key collector

Microsoft reports a RAGFlow compromise.

Disclosed Aug 26, 2026AI system targeted
AI as a targetCASE 52

Workflow intrusion

Microsoft reports a Kestra compromise.

Disclosed Aug 26, 2026AI system targeted
AI-themed lureCASE 61

Fake Codex installation

Cato found advertisements and fake Codex pages distributing Mac malware.

Disclosed Aug 24, 2026AI as the lure
Malicious useCASE 65

UAT-10147 website intrusion

Talos reports an attacker using PentestGPT, an AI tool, to break into a website and collect information about its server.

Disclosed Aug 20, 2026Human-directed
Security researchCASE 36

Snowflake

Wiz says its security agent used a public software workflow to reach Snowflake’s internal Jira records.

Disclosed Aug 17, 2026Researcher-led
Malicious useCASE 26

AI inside compromised networks

Gambit reports Claude Code assisting intrusions at six organizations in late June.

Disclosed Aug 13, 2026Human-directed
Security researchCASE 43

Hidden sensitive material

Researchers report recovering sensitive material from hidden reasoning in publicly shared AI logs.

Disclosed Aug 10, 2026Researcher-led
Test incidentCASE 19

A test reaches real people

An AI agent proposed harmful code and used fake identities to push for approval during a UK government test.

Disclosed Aug 4, 2026Outside assigned task
AI as a targetCASE 28

Traps in AI coding tools

ChainDrop poisoned software packages and planted malicious startup commands for Claude Code and VS Code.

Disclosed Aug 4, 2026AI system targeted
Test incidentCASE 03

The wrong company

A practice company's name overlapped with a live business. Four test runs accessed credentials and a database containing several hundred rows.

Disclosed Jul 30, 2026Outside assigned task
Test incidentCASE 04

A poisoned software package

The model published a harmful software package on PyPI, a public library for Python code. Fifteen systems ran it. Leaked credentials enabled access to a security vendor's database.

Disclosed Jul 30, 2026Outside assigned task
Test incidentCASE 05

A search beyond the sandbox

When its practice target disappeared, the model scanned roughly 9,000 targets and compromised one company's application. It later recognized the company was unrelated and stopped.

Disclosed Jul 30, 2026Outside assigned task
Malicious useCASE 72

DeepSeek / Hermes

Unit 42 recovered an attacker’s AI activity records.

Disclosed Jul 30, 2026Human-directed
AI-themed lureCASE 59

MacSync installation lure

Huntress traced a Mac infection to a deceptive shared Claude conversation.

Disclosed Jul 29, 2026AI as the lure
AI-themed lureCASE 58

FakeAgent download lure

Huntress found a deceptive Claude-hosted page delivering malware to at least 29 organizations.

Disclosed Jul 22, 2026AI as the lure
Test incidentCASE 01

The Hugging Face intrusion

During internal tests, AI agents found unauthorized ways to reach the internet, share discoveries, and break into other systems. Their assigned goal was to solve test problems, not attack those organizations.

Disclosed Jul 16, 2026Outside assigned task
Malicious useCASE 71

FortiBleed

SOCRadar found AI tools and attack plans inside a credential-stealing operation linked to ransomware.

Disclosed Jun 16, 2026Human-directed
AI-themed lureCASE 22

ChatGPT billing phishing

Microsoft found ChatGPT-themed emails leading to payment-data collection forms.

Disclosed Jun 8, 2026AI as the lure
Malicious useCASE 32

AI-assisted inbox fraud

Microsoft reports EvilTokens using AI to tailor phishing messages and identify valuable targets inside compromised email accounts.

Disclosed Mar 20, 2026Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 29

Two AI tools, one campaign

Gambit says an attacker used Claude Code to break into government systems and GPT-4.1 to analyze stolen information.

Disclosed Feb 24, 2026Human-directed
AI as a targetCASE 46

AI chats copied by browser add-ons

OX Security found two connected browser extensions sending ChatGPT and DeepSeek conversations to outsiders.

Disclosed Dec 30, 2025AI system targeted
AI-themed lureCASE 60

AMOS troubleshooting lure

Huntress traced a Mac data theft to instructions in an attacker-created ChatGPT conversation.

Disclosed Dec 9, 2025AI as the lure
Malicious useGTG-1002

AI coordinates an espionage campaign

Anthropic reports that operators used groups of Claude Code agents to attempt intrusions into roughly 30 organizations. Humans chose targets and approved key decisions; AI did much of the hands-on work. A handful of intrusions succeeded.

Disclosed Nov 13, 2025Human-directed
Malicious useGTG-2002

An AI operator for data extortion

Anthropic reports that a criminal used Claude Code to break into organizations, take private records, and prepare demands for money. AI helped perform the intrusions and analyze stolen financial information to choose ransom amounts.

Disclosed Aug 27, 2025Human-directed
AI as a targetCASE 56

A poisoned update recruits AI

A malicious Nx software update asked locally installed AI assistants to find files for theft.

Disclosed Aug 26, 2025AI system targeted
Malicious useCASE 20

AI inside the malware

CERT-UA found malware in deceptive government emails. It asked AI to generate instructions for collecting documents.

Disclosed Jul 17, 2025Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 39

ScopeCreep

OpenAI reports ChatGPT-assisted malware offered as a gaming utility.

Disclosed Jun 5, 2025Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 38

Camera access attempts

Anthropic reports Claude-assisted tooling for using leaked camera logins.

Disclosed Apr 23, 2025Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 17

SweetSpecter: a blocked phishing attempt

SweetSpecter sent fake support emails to OpenAI staff. OpenAI later linked the campaign’s infrastructure to ChatGPT accounts seeking technical help.

Disclosed May 16, 2024Human-directed
Malicious useCASE 13

AI helps prepare deceptive emails

Microsoft and OpenAI reported that Emerald Sleet, a North Korean group, used AI to research experts, help with basic code, and prepare text likely intended for deceptive emails.

Disclosed Feb 14, 2024Human-directed

One case is not one victim. We count each connected campaign, model-deployment incident, training or evaluation incident, or security-research incident reaching real systems once. Targets, affected systems, agents, and people are different measures. Read the counting rules.